According to the census2 of 2000, there were 160,307 people, 68,183 households, and 41,591 families residing in the county. The population density was 311/km² (806/mi²). There were 79,616 housing units at an average density of 155/km² (400/mi²). The racial makeup of the county was 79.91% White, 16.97% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. 2.04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,172, and the median income for a family was $50,861. Males had a median income of $35,801 versus $25,305 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,123. 13.10% of the population and 8.30% of families were below the poverty line. 15.70% of those under the age of 18 and 9.00% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

New Hanover County neighboring areas are Pender County, and Brunswick County. Its cities and towns are Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, Wilmington, and Wrightsville Beach.